The Colosseum Essay example - 798 Words

Architecture of the ancient Roman Empire is one of the most fascinating of all time. The city of Rome once housed more than one million residents. The Romans made great use of many architectural shapes like arches and columns. Using these they were able to build monstrous buildings of worship, entertainment and other services. The one building that comes in mind over the centuries, when you think of Rome is The Amphitheatrum Flavium or The Coloseum. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Coloseum was built by Hebrew prisoners and slaves. Details of the actual construction are unknown. The framework of piers, arches, linked walls and vaults were constructed with travertine blocks. In order to support the great weight of the structure the†¦show more content†¦With these many entrances the Roman people could have easily gone in and out. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The arches of the Coloseum allowed great ventilation, stability, and passageways to keep the crowd comfortable all day. The most amazing construction had nothing to do with the show. The Romans had actually constructed a roof for the Coloseum. The roof was like a retractable sail covering most of the audience during the current event. The building of the Coloseum began around 72 AD. under the supervision of the emperor Vespasian. Though he did not live to see his greatest accomplishment, his son Titus, completed his father’s dream around 80 AD. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;It is said that on the opening days which lasted 100 days around 5000 to 9000 animals were killed to commemorate the Coloseum. The usual day at the Coloseum started off with a bloodless comic battle, that featured dwarfs, women, or crippled people fighting with wooden objects. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Coloseum had many events. For entertainment the Romans would put animals against other animals. Starving them near death was the only way to a good bloody and savage fight out of the two. Once the crowd became bored of that the next event would pit a man against an animal. Slaves or Christians usually suffered this cruel and unusual punishment, being torn apart by hungry ferocious beasts. Naumachia was an amazing feature of theShow MoreRelated The Colosseum Essay2316 Words   |  10 PagesThe Colosseum In the first century AD, the Roman Emperor Vespasian decided that Rome needed a stadium that would not only satisfy the crowds, but also convince the magnitude that Rome had become a power to be reckoned with. He wanted them to know that Rome now again had strong and unquestionable power in the world after the strong and bitter civil war it had recently gone through. His idea was to create an amphitheater. This theater, named the Flavian Amphitheater, earned a reputation as theRead MoreThe Roman Colosseum Of Rome1153 Words   |  5 PagesWhen I ask you to imagine Italy and all the vast architecture, what do picture? I am going to assume you would picture colosseums. The piece of art I chose to research was the granddaddy of them all, the Roman Colosseum. This is potentially the most famous monument to survive the classical period. Today, the Colosseum is one of Rome’s most popular tourist attractions, attracting millions of visitors every year. This massive amphitheater is lo cated in the center of Rome, Italy. During ancient romanRead MoreColosseum of Rome Essay2347 Words   |  10 Pagesbe writing about the great Colosseum of Rome and what was held inside to give the citizens of Rome some entertainment. The Romans had many choices of what to do during their spare time, such as ball games, board games, and watching gladiatorial fights in the Colosseum; this was the most popular type of entertainment. To many people today, Roman entertainment was classed as cruel. However, not all forms of entertainment involved such violence as within the Colosseum. There was also poetry readingRead MoreVisit At The Beautiful Colosseum1425 Words   |  6 Pagesassigned to travel to Rome to visit the beautiful Colosseum where we needed to record out findings and reveal the history of the structure. We traveled over eight hours from New York to Piazza del Colosseo, Rome, Italy to learn about the history behind the Colosseum. Being a new archeologist, it is mandatory to travel all over the world to cites to get a better understanding of history. Before traveling to Rome, I knew very little of the Colosseum. I knew it was made of cement and destroyed but IRead More The Roman Colosseum Essays2385 Words   |  10 PagesThe Roman Colosseum, a colossal amphitheater, was built in the first century under Flavians rule. Many events such as gladiator games, beast fights, naval battles, and much more took place inside the huge elliptical arena. People of all ages and classes attended these well-known spectacles. The Colosseum is a huge Roman architectural achievement and the fact that it is still standing today only amplifies the importance of this structure. Hundred of thousands of people attended the ancient gamesRead MoreAncient Rome, the Roman Colosseum2000 Words   |  8 PagesRome, The Roman Colosseum Historians have always used great structures from the ancient world to find out information about the kind of lives they used to live. The Colosseum in Ancient Rome, Italy was one of the most famous structures. The Colosseum in Rome gives historians a number of insights to the type of civilization that existed during the time of the ancient empire, through the gory battles and violent games that took place. This can be proven by the purpose of the Colosseum and the contextRead MoreWas the Colosseum a Perfect Amphitheatre? Essay876 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Colosseum was a perfect amphitheatre.† How far do you agree with this statement? The Colosseum, located in Rome was built opened by the Emperor Titus in 80 AD. By many it is considered a â€Å"perfect amphitheatre† due to its dà ©cor, practicality and large structural layout. However, there are some features of the Colosseum which mean it is difficult to use, hence leading to some people disagreeing with the statement. One of the main reasons why the Colosseum was and is so highly respected isRead MoreThe Importance Of The Colosseum1009 Words   |  5 Pages The famous historical structure known as the Colosseum is a remarkable piece of architecture that has survived for over nearly two millenniums. It was commissioned by the Emperor Vespasian of the Flavian dynasty as a gift to the people of Rome and completed by his son, Titus in the year 70 A.D. (History, 2009). Since then, the Flavian Amphitheater has gone through lifetimes of changes with chronicles of events. It is one of the most impressive ancient structures that still stand today and is extraordinaryRead MoreThe Amphitheater Named After The Flavian Dynasty990 Words   |  4 Pages The Flavian amphitheater named after the Flavian dynasty emperors who built it or better known as The Colosseum was a large arena built in 80 C.E. and used for gladiatorial games, mock sea battles,theater plays, and public executions until its fall to christia nity in 404 C.E. It was called the Colosseum for the great statue of Nero nearby named Colossus. The Colosseum, also known as the flavian amphitheater was built of travertine stone from the quarries of Albulae. The massive stone blocksRead MoreEssay On Colosseum1588 Words   |  7 PagesModule 2: Age of Perfection and Empire (Colosseum – Negative) 336! The Colosseum (72AD – 80AD) demonstrates that function (â€Å"shelter, program, organization, use, occupancy, materials, social purpose†) informs style (â€Å"line, outline, shape, composition†) (Figure 1) (Hendrix 2013, 1; John, Sheard and Vickery 2007, 4). Built as a theatre to entertain Roman citizens, the Colosseum’s shape, size, tiered seating, arena and rhythmical arches emerges from the functional requirements to stage entertainment

The Da Vinci Code free essay sample

Robert and Sophie will crack cryptex’s and anagrams with number puzzles, run from the police, and cheat death in this amazing book. For example for one of the codes they have to crack the key opens a safe deposit box at the Paris branch of the Depository Bank of Zurich. Saunieres account number turns out to be 10 digits. The digits of the first eight Fibonacci numbers: 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21. If you like this, there are many more to come. Second of All, why I think people should read this book is because, this book has lots of information in the pages about Christianity, Da Vinci, and a lot more. So if you’re in to learning about things while you read this is definitely the book you should read. The ultimate solution is found to be intimately connected with the possible location of the Holy Grail. This all also ties in with the history of Christianity and it ties in with Da Vinci. We will write a custom essay sample on The Da Vinci Code or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If you think all this information is interesting wait till you read this information filled book. Last but Certainly Not Least, why I think people should read this book is because, of this fantastic story line they used in this book. The novel has several concurrent subplots interweaving the lives of different characters. Eventually, all the characters are brought together and the sub-plots resolved in the main plot at the end of the book. There is nothing that would make this story plot more amazing. The fact that it is like a detective case because, Bezu suspects Robert Langdon as a suspect of killing Sauniere in the gallery is just so genius. In conclusion, I think people should read this book for these reasons: this book is a suspenseful and thrilling novel, this book has lots of information in the pages, and last the fantastic story line they used in this book. If any of these reasons interest you I recommend this book to you. In fact, I suggest you go to your local book store and pick up this book. A little information never hurt anyone. Some Info. On Dan Brown Dan Brown was born on June 22, 1964. He grew up in Exeter, New Hampshire. He is the author of numerous best-selling novels, including the 1 New York Times bestseller, â€Å"The Da Vinci Code†. One of the best selling novels of all time. It was published early in early 2004 by Bantam Press.

The Young Lords Nationalist Party free essay sample

When we speak of revolutionary leaders we immediately think of Mandela, Malcolm, King, Lincoln, Kennedy, and Gandhi. They are wonderful examples of virtue, but others immediately come to my mind like Ramon Emeterio Betances, Dr. Pedro Albizu Campos, Lolita Lebron, and the Young Lords. The Young Lords have had a great impact on the lives of Hispanic Americans and on my life personally. The Young Lords instilled a sense of Puerto Rican pride during a time when Puerto Ricans were looked at with great racial, cultural and language discrimination as well as economic exploitation. They changed the sanitation standards on inner city streets, started free children’s breakfast programs when the city wouldn’t, provided free medical care in el Barrio, free clothing drives, free classes on Puerto Rican history, and many other community building programs all while facing forceful opposition from the city of New York, the NYPD, and the FBI. We will write a custom essay sample on The Young Lords Nationalist Party or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The story of the rise and fall of the Young Lords is motivating and inspiring for current and future revolutionary Puerto Ricans. In 1969, a young socially conscious group of Puerto Rican college students gathered together to discuss the issues that plagued El Barrio (Spanish Harlem). They eventually called themselves â€Å"Sociedad de Albizu Campos†. They named themselves after El Maestro, Dr. Pedro Albizu Campos; Harvard educated lawyer, President of the Puerto Rican National Socialist Party and one of the most beloved freedom fighters in Puerto Rican history. This organization included founding members such as Pablo Guzman, Juan Gonzalez, Felipe Luciano, David Perez, Juan Ortiz and Mickey Melendez. Five months after continuous meetings, they realized they no longer needed to talk about the problems that plagued Spanish Harlem but they needed to act on them. While reading the Black Panther paper, they found out that there was an organization of a group of Puerto Ricans called the Young Lords in Chicago also fighting for Latino rights. They meet with the Chicago Young Lords Organization and formed a union. They were now the New York State Chapter of The Young Lords Organization. After questioning the Spanish Harlem community on what the most pressing issue was, they heard la basura (garbage) over and over. The New York City Department of Sanitation at the time was all white and did not see the point in cleaning the streets or picking up trash in the ghetto, so for months at a time they left Puerto Rican neighborhoods rotting and filth ridden. The Young Lords Organization went to the Sanitation department to ask them for brooms and shovels so they could clean the area themselves but were denied. They grabbed the brooms and shovels, yelled that they would return them and ran. The YLO including Juan Gonzales and Felipe Luciano swept the streets and put all the garbage in bags, only for no sanitation to pick it up a week later. This went on for two more weeks with more and more of the community joining in on the cleaning, with no sanitation picking up the garbage. Finally, after a month of no trash removal, it was all gathered into the middle of the street blocking car and bus traffic and set on fire. The YLO figured if the busses couldn’t move NYC could not make money and they would have to pick up the garbage. Now firefighters had to come put out the fire, and police had to come investigate, and sanitation still had to remove the debris to open up traffic all because they refused to do it before. This went on week after week on block after block until sanitation started coming on a regular basis, this was known as the East Harlem Garbage Offensive. Now that the Young Lords were known throughout el barrio, young Puerto Ricans were flocking to join the YLO. African Americans, Cubans, Dominicans, Mexicans, and other Latinos also joined. They were workers, students, unemployed, and Vietnam War veterans. Pablo Guzman, their Minister of information, suggested they have their core principles written and outlined for all to read. There was only one issue which was corrected, point number ten originally said â€Å"Machismo must be revolutionary, not oppressive†, but after some discussion it was agreed that Machismo is oppressive so it was revised. The 13 point program reads as follows: The Young Lords Party is a Revolutionary Political Party Fighting for the Liberation of All Oppressed People (Corrected Version) 1. We want self-determination for Puerto RicansLiberation of the Island and inside the United States. For 500 years, first spain and then united states have colonized our country. Billions of dollars in profits leave our country for the united states every year. In every way we are slaves of the gringo. We want liberation and th e Power in the hands of the People, not Puerto Rican exploiters. Que Viva Puerto Rico Libre! 2. We want self-determination for all Latinos. Our Latin Brothers and Sisters, inside and outside the united states, are oppressed by amerikkkan business. The Chicano people built the Southwest, and we support their right to control their lives and their land. The people of Santo Domingo continue to fight against gringo domination and its puppet generals. The armed liberation struggles in Latin America are part of the war of Latinos against imperialism. Que Viva La Raza! 3. We want liberation of all third world people. Just as Latins first slaved under spain and the yanquis, Black people, Indians, and Asians slaved to build the wealth of this country. For 400 years they have fought for freedom and dignity against racist Babylon (decadent empire). Third World people have led the fight for freedom. All the colored and oppressed peoples of the world are one nation under oppression. No Puerto Rican Is Free Until All People Are Free! 4. We are revolutionary nationalists and oppose racism. The Latin, Black, Indian and Asian people inside the u. s. re colonies fighting for liberation. We know that washington, wall street and city hall will try to make our nationalism into racism; but Puerto Ricans are of all colors and we resist racism. Millions of poor white people are rising up to demand freedom and we support them. These are the ones in the u. s. that are stepped on by the rules and the government. We each organize our people, but our fights are against the same oppression and we will defeat it togethe r. Power To All Oppressed People! 5. We want equality for women. Down with machismo and male chauvanism. Under capitalism, women have been oppressed by both society and our men. The doctrine of machismo has been used by men to take out their frustration on wives, sisters, mothers, and children. Men must fight along with sisters i the struggle for economic and social equality and must recognize that sisters make up over half of the revolutionary army: sister and brothers are equals fighting for our people. Forward Sisters in the Struggle! 6. We want community control of our institutions and land. We want control of our communities by our people and programs to guarantee that all institutions serve the needs of our people. Peoples control of police, health services, churches, schools, housing, transportation and welfare are needed. We want an end to attacks on our land by urban removal, highway destruction, universities and corporations. Land Belongs To All The People! 7. We want a true education of our Creole culture and Spanish language. We must learn our history of fighting against cultural, as well as economic genocide by the yanqui. Revolutionary culture, culture of our people, is the only true teaching. 8. We oppose capitalists and alliances with traitors. Puerto Rican rulers, or puppets of the oppressor, do not help our people. They are paid by the system to lead our people down blind alleys, just like the thousands of poverty pimps who keep our communities peaceful for business, or the street workers who keep gangs divided and blowing each other away. We want a society where the people socialistically control their labor. Venceremos! 9. We oppose the Amerikkkan military. We demand immediate withdrawal of u. . military forces and bases from Puerto Rico, Vietnam and all oppressed communities inside and outside the u. s. No Puerto Rican should serve in the u. s. army against his Brothers and Sisters, for the only true army of oppressed people is the peoples army to fight all rulers. U. S. Out Of Vietnam, Free Puerto Rico! 10. We want freedom for all political prisoners. We want all Puerto Ricans freed because th ey have been tried by the racist courts of the colonizers, and not by their own people and peers. We want all freedom fighters released from jail. Free All Political Prisoners! 11. We are internationalists. Our people are brainwashed by television, radio, newspapers, schools, and books to oppose people in other countries fighting for their freedom. No longer will our people believe attacks and slanders, because they have learned who the real enemy is and who their real friends are. We will defend our Brothers and Sisters around the world who fight for justice against the rich rulers of this country. Que Viva Che Guevara! 12. We believe armed self-defense and armed struggle are the only means to liberation. We are opposed to violencethe violence of hungry children, illiterate adults, diseased old people, and the violence of poverty and profit. We have asked, petitioned, gone to courts, demonstrated peacefully, and voted for politicians full of empty promises. But we still aint free. The time has come to defend the lives of our people against repression and for revolutionary war against the businessman, politician, and police. When a government oppresses our people, we have the right to abolish it and create a new one. Boricua Is Awake! All Pigs Beware! 13. We want a socialist society. We want liberation, clothing, free food, education, health care, transportation, utilities, and employment for all. We want a society where the needs of our people come first, and where we give solidarity and aid to the peoples of the world, not oppression and racism. Hasta La Victoria Siempre! This 13 point program served as a structure and frame work for, not only those who wanted to learn about the Young Lords, but it allowed current Young Lords to keep their focus on what was important. In October 1969, the Young Lords began a free breakfast and lead poisoning detection program in the community. Through the lead poisoning detection program, it was discovered that 1/3 of the children in East Harlem had abnormally high levels of lead in their blood. As a result of the YLO’s program legislation was passed banning the use of lead based paints in apartment buildings and landlords would have to go in and remove all lead based paint from any apartments that had it. The need for space was growing and they needed a warm place to work from, so in December they asked the Methodist church on 111th St and Lexington Ave if they could work out of the church when it was not having services, they were denied. That Sunday, Felipe Luciano followed by the Young Lords and community supporters went to â€Å"testimonial†. As he stood up to speak to ask why the Church denied them the service, 25 uniformed officers who had been following the Young Lords, attacked and beat Luciano, the Young Lords, and their supporters. The officer’s arrested 13 Young Lords on various offenses including riot, disrupting a religious service, and assault. The community rallied around the Young Lords â€Å"taking† the church two weeks later. It was renamed â€Å"People’s Church† and for 11 days they held breakfast programs, clothing drives, a liberation school, political education classes, a daycare program, health programs, and nightly entertainment including movies, bands, and poetry all free of cost. Over three thousand people came to take part and take advantage of these services, known as the People’s Church Offensive. After an 11 day occupation of the church, 105 Young lords and supporters were arrested. While being arrested they sang â€Å"que bonita bandera†, to signify Puerto Rican pride and the NYPD’s failure to break their spirits. Around this time drugs were flooding the ghettos of New York, and the YLO noticed. From January to March they engaged in many street battles with the NYPD, for not stopping the drugs from coming into these neighborhoods but busting the junkies and not the dealers. They were also able to get many junkies off drugs and become helpful within the movement. It was around this time two things happened, the New York Chapter of the Young Lords parted ways from the Chicago Young Lords and became The Young Lords Party, due to differences. The FBI also began paying very close attention to every member of the YLP and their supporters, using their Counter Intelligence Program or COINTELPRO, they gathered information, listened in on phone calls, and infiltrated the YLP organization. The Young Lords saw that the health needs in el barrio was more than they could handle, so a sub organization was ormed from Doctors and healthcare workers called, the Health Revolutionary Unity movement (HRUM). The Young Lords Party and the HRUM did TB testing in public housing and apartments, and found high percentages of people testing positive. At the time, the city had a TB testing truck but it somehow never made into el barrio, so they liberated the truck, and took chest X-rays of hundreds of people in the community. In July 1970, the YLP and HRUM took Lincoln Hospital, a hospital which was condemned by the city yet reopened without any renovation for the minorities in the South Bronx. One of the programs to help the community was a Detox program for those needing help coming off of Heroin. YLP proved its point by its actions, Lincoln Hospital saw on average 300 people a week when run by the city but 300 people a day while run by the YLP. On September 22nd and 23rd, 1970 a joint conference was held on, the liberation of Puerto Rico, by the YLP and the Puerto Rican Students Union at Columbia University, where over 1,000 high school and college students attended. At the conclusion of the second day, they all marched from Columbia University to Plaza Borinquen in the south Bronx. On October 1970 the YLP spread word to all the Puerto Rican Student Unions in NYC and nearby cities that there would be a march on the UN, 10,000 people showed up calling for an end to police brutality, release of the Nationalist Party political prisoners in prison since the 1950s, and independence of Puerto Rico. Juan Gonzalez stated in an interview, â€Å"As soon as the Young Lords stepped into dealing with the issue directly of the independence of Puerto Rico, we were immediately subjected to a much stronger vigilant investigation. † The false arrests made on the Young Lords were stepped up and more officers were placed undercover to infiltrate the organization. Declassified COINTELPRO files state, â€Å"The Bureau is considering the feasibility of instituting a program of disruption to be directed against organizations which seek independence for Puerto Rico through other than lawful, peaceful means. Because of the increasing boldness apparent in the activities of such organizations, their utter disregard of the will of the majority, the inevitable communist and/or Soviet effort to embarrass the United States, and the courage given to their cause by Castros Cuba, we must make a more positive effort, not only to curtail, but to disrupt their activities. Director to SAC, San Juan, Aug. 4, 1960 It is believed that upon instituting a counterintelligence program in this field, efforts should be directed with the following aims in mind: I. Disruption and discord. II. Creating doubts as to the wisdom of remaining in the independence movement. III. Causing defections from the independence movement. Director to SAC, New York, Nov. 15, 1960 (p. 1 only) Your files will contain descriptive information appropriate to our investigative reporting. We should, however, for the purposes of this program, delve deeply into that part of their lives which do not show on the surface; for example, we must determine their capabilities of influencing others, capabilities of real leadership, why the intense desire for Puerto Ricos independence, what they expect to gain from independence, and the support they have from other leaders and rank-and-file members. We must have information concerning their weaknesses, morals, criminal records, spouses, children, family life, educational qualifications and personal activities other than independence activities. Director to SAC, San Juan, June 12, 1961† We saw evidence of this as Julio Roldan, a member of the Young Lords Party, was arrested for allegedly setting garbage on fire in the middle of the street after sanitation went back to the practice of not collecting trash in el barrio. The next day, it was reported Julio and 8 other inmates committed suicide by hanging in a prison, in Tombs. These shady circumstances got even more questionable when the Young Lords Party gathered an independent autopsy, where Julio was found to have a fractured skull and bruises to his body. In response, the YLP lead a march of over 2,000 people with his casket through the streets, where 200 Young Lords reoccupied the Methodist Church in Spanish Harlem. This time, hidden in Julio’s casket was an arsenal of weapons. YLP occupied the church for several weeks where they made a demand for a Legal Aid Center for inmates and city investigation into the prison system. This was their Fourth Offensive. In 1971, the prisoners in the Attica Correctional Facility had enough of the same mistreatment that the YLP spoke out against. They rioted, took control of the prison and took hostages. The prisoners requested the Young Lords Party be present in negotiations. The YLP met with the inmates and prison administrators, they spoke on the behalf of the prisoners to negotiate a peaceful end to the standoff. However, on the order of Governor Nelson Rockefeller, police were to take the prison by force. This ended in the injuries of 89 people and deaths of at least 39 people, including ten correctional officers and civilian employees. All which could have been avoided by heading the warnings of the YLP and allowing them to negotiate. By 1976, the Young Lords Party disintegrated due to the success of COINTELPRO, police infiltrators and agitators, and self-implosion similar to the Black Panther Party. Ansel Herz, journalist and Young Lords documentarian states, â€Å"The New York Young Lords broke under the weight of unrelenting police harassment and infiltration, compounded by a series of tactical missteps that ignored the main source of their strength – their support from the Puerto Rican urban poor. These communities were oppressed and ignored, rather than represented, by social institutions. The Young Lords stepped into that vacuum and restored a sense of pride and togetherness to â€Å"El Barrio† in East Harlem. But the leadership of the organization subsequently turned its focus away from the direct action campaigns that inspired unprecedented solidarity in the ghetto. The group’s paramilitary structure was over-dependent on the charisma and cooperation of a few leaders and failed to recognize the voices of the Young Lords’ rank and file members. An attempt to open a revolutionary front on the island of Puerto Rico proved to be a fatal mistake, spreading the organization too thin, diverting resources from community programs, and initiating an acrimonious factionalism in the leadership from which the Lords would not recover. With much of the original leadership resigned or exiled, a hardline Marxist clique took over the Lords and it disintegrated. † The Young Lords are known for its free community programs, it’s direct in your face responses to police injustice, and instilling Puerto Rican pride and culture in its community. I will remember the Young Lords for a more personal reason. Before I was ever born my family was given a chance for a better life all thanks to the Young Lords. In the early 1970’s, the waterfront pier in Columbia Heights was rat infested slums. My father was working 2 jobs and still struggling to support my mother and two brothers. The apartment they lived in should have been condemned due to infestation, my father wrote to the city for help and was put on a waiting list for public housing for months. Out of desperation he contacted the Young Lords for any help they could give. They took all of my parents’ information and within the month they were moving to a project in Flushing, Queens. The Young Lords did what the city of New York refused to do, improve the quality of life and safety for my family, and I am indebted to them. This is the mark they have left on my life and the lives of thousands of Puerto Ricans and Latinos in New York. The Young Lords cared for Puerto Ricans and all minorities when New York didn’t. Unfortunately history did not pay them the same respect, as many next generation Puerto Rican New Yorkers don’t know who to thank for the improved conditions they live in compared to the 1960’s, they are our forgotten revolutionaries. Abramson, Michael.

Mozarts use of themes and motifs in the key of C Major

Mozarts use of themes and motifs in the key of C Major Free Online Research Papers Mozart’s String Quartet #19, K. 465, Piano Concerto # 21, K. 467, and his Symphony #41, K. 551, are all in the pleasant key of C major. K. 465 was written in 1785 and is the last quartet in a set of six quartets dedicated to Haydn. K. 467 was also written in 1785 and is Mozart’s last piano concerto. K. 551, the Jupiter Symphony, was finished in 1788, and is the last symphony Mozart wrote. Although these three works are in the same key and were written in close proximity to each other, they have very different and distinctive motifs and themes. Mozart’s String Quartet #19 (K. 465) was finished on January 14th, 1785 as the last in a set of six quartets dedicated to Joseph Haydn. This set of six quartets was inspired by Haydn’s Opus 33, which Haydn completed just before visiting Vienna in 1781. Mozart’s six became known as the ‘Haydn Quartets’ (Pauly 90). K. 465 is commonly referred to as the ‘dissonant quartet’ (Pauly 168). Mozart started writing the Haydn Quartets in 1782, one year after Haydn’s Opus 33. This was a very busy but productive time in his life. In the three years it took him to write the set he wrote a multitude of other works, married Constanze Weber, and had two children with his new wife, of which only one survived. After hearing these quartets, Haydn stated to Mozart’s father: â€Å"Before God, as an honest man, I tell you that your son is the greatest composer known to me in person or by name. He has taste, and, what is more, the greatest knowledge of composition.† It is because of this statement that Mozart dedicated these quartets to his â€Å"most dear friend,† Haydn. (Anonymous 705). The Haydn Quartets were Mozart’s first mature quartets, noted by the new style of writing he had developed. For the first time, Mozart uses counterpoint as means for intensification in the music. These quartets also show his like of dissonant and chromatic lines. This is very clearly stated in the first eight bars of the first movement of K. 465 (example 1) (Anonymous 705). This is the first and only time that Mozart wrote a slow introduction in a string quartet, which is probably why it is such a memorable piece. The main theme is stated in measures 23-30 by the first violin (example 2), and is repeated throughout the piece in various textures. Mozart’s Piano Concerto #21 (K. 467) was finished on March 9th, 1785, two months after he finished the Haydn Quartets. This time in his life was â€Å"the peak of his reputation as a composer and pianist.† At the time this work was finished, Mozart was having financial difficulties, even though most of his music was either published, in print, or in manuscript copies. (Anonymous 708) The history of this work is much the same as the history of K. 465 because they were finished within two months of each other. The first phrase, a short march-like motif, is repeated throughout the piece. It is used as a main melody, as well as a bass and background figure, and is repeated, to some degree, in all instruments. This motif is illustrated in example 3, measures 1-7 of this piece. This is the start of the piece, a very quiet, happy motif from the strings before the rest of the orchestra comes in. A few measures later, in mm. 12-19 (example 4), this motif is being used as a counterpoint figure in the violas and cellos to the melody line in the violins. The first measure of the motif is bounced between the low strings and the violins in mm. 148-152 (example 5), transposing each time, and seeming to keep the listener on edge because the phrase is not completed. Mozart’s last symphony, Symphony #41 (K. 551), was finished August 10th, 1788, the third symphony finished in less than two months. At this time, Mozart was having financial troubles as well as psychological issues. In regards to the financial troubles, Mozart asked his friend, Michael Puchberg for loans, but he never sought medical advice for his psychological problems, which included mourning over his six-month old daughter, Theresia, his worsening health, and the depression he was suffering from (Anonymous 710; â€Å"Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart†). K. 551 is more commonly know as The Jupiter Symphony; this title was not coined by Mozart, but by Johann Peter Salomon, for unknown reasons (Symphony No. 41 (Mozart)). In 1786, Mozart’s health took a turn for the worse, and played public concerts less frequently, which meant less income. Because of this, he and his family moved from Vienna to Alsergrund in 1788. Less than six months before the move, Mozart’s wife Constanze gave him a daughter, Theresia, whom he loved very much, but she died after the move to Alsergrund, devastating her father. (Anonymous 710). The first movement of this concerto changes styles quite often: â€Å"Within a short space of time the opening of the C major concerto, K. 467, migrates through march, cantabile style, and counterpoint.† (Irving 120). This is not strange to Mozart, and the piece flows freely throughout the styles. The opening of the first movement of this symphony is grand, and very memorable, but it is not thematic material, it is used to draw the listener in, and the first theme is stated later. A second theme is stated in the violins in measures 101-105 (example 6), and then goes right into a development of that same theme. Measures 81-83 (example 7) is foreshadowing measures 269-274 (example 8), which seems like a short break from the constantly moving violins. Also, this break is in a minor key, as opposed to C Major around it. Mozart uses a lot of dotted quarter note and eighth note rhythms, almost giving the piece a jazzy feel. This is shown in measures 277-279 (example 9). Although K. 465, K. 467, and K. 551 are all in C Major, they have very different themes and motifs. Mozart is known to write interesting and complex motifs in his minor keys, while the simple themes in these C Major works are bright and playful. The themes stated here are both simple and complex, some sounding more complex, while easy to play, and some sounding light and airy, while difficult to play. In the opening to K. 465 (ex. 1), the cello beats constant eighth note pedal tones, and seems as if it will be used as more of an accompaniment instrument throughout the piece. On the other hand, in the opening of K. 467 (ex. 3), the cello is treated as an equal to the other string instruments, making it seem as if it would be used as more of a counterpoint instrument instead of being used for accompanying chords. In the examples we have for K. 551, the cello seems to be mostly used for accompanying chords, and an occasional break into small counterpoint gestures (ex. 6). Although these pieces were only finished within two months of each other, K. 465 and K. 467 are quite different. Other than the fact that they are both in C major and are completely different types of works, they possess different qualities. K. 465 is a very dissonant quartet written with quite a bit or counterpoint throughout. K. 467 is an enjoyable piano concerto with complex parts to offset the light and airy textures. K. 551 was finished more than three years after K. 465 and K. 467, and there are many factors that changed his writing in those three years. In 1786, Mozart’s health worsened, and the number of public concerts he participated in were lower, therefore producing less income for him and his family. In December of 1787, his wife gave him a beautiful daughter, Theresia (Anonymous 710). Because of his declining health, and the sub-par amount of money Mozart was making, he and his family moved to a suburb of Vienna called Alsergrund to cut costs. However, this ended up not having any effect on the income. Only a couple months after moving, Mozart’s six month old daughter, Theresia died from unknown causes, devastating her mother and father. It seems as if Mozart was suffering from depression at the time he wrote this symphony, probably because of the death of his only daughter, his declining health, and the fact that they were poor. It seems that right before his daughter died, Mozart started writing letters to Michael Puchberg, four in total, pleading for a loan, saying that he will be paid back quickly, when Mozart has planned concert series running. This concert series probably never took place. The loan was starting to be paid back just before Mozart died, the rest of it paid back by his wife, Constanze after his death, when she sold off his scores. This was at least the second loan Mozart asked for, another one was asked for in November of 1785 from his friend E.A. Hoffman (Anonymous 708) Mozart’s depression and worsened health did not affect the amount of writing he did, it only affected the writing itself. In K. 551, Mozart starts with full orchestra, and the thematic material doesn’t enter until the twenty-fourth bar, which is quite different than K. 465 and K. 467, where they start with thematic material right from the beginning of the piece. K. 551 is also a good representation of rests creating atmosphere as much as sound. In measure seventy-nine, Mozart stops all of the action on a half cadence, and has five beats of rest before re-entering with a slow minor feel, which almost sound like the next movement, but then he jumps back into the thematic material from before, only really resolving the chord until measure ninety-three. This is probably why it is described as in the â€Å"spirit of the comic opera† (Sisman 46). These three works were written in what the The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians calls the peak of Mozart’s reputation as a composer and pianist (708). Although they were all in C Major and written in close proximity to each other, they really are quite different. Research Papers on Mozart's use of themes and motifs in the key of C MajorInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesHip-Hop is ArtHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductThe Spring and AutumnAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfWhere Wild and West MeetQuebec and CanadaEffects of Television Violence on Children

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American history----assess the view that the success of the new deals 1933-41 has been over rated by historians - Coursework Example What is also significant to note about this whole initiative is the fact that it resulted into the strong economic recovery and a complete and new change in the way America society tend to work and behave. The intervention by the government in the economy allowed the economy to pick up and vital economic variables such as growth, unemployment and inflation started to show positive signs. It also brought forward a new political alignment in the country as the Democratic Party started to emerge as the sign of liberal ideas and newly empowered trade unions and minorities. (Edsforth, 2000) Though the New Deal left many important political, social, as well as economical imprints on the American society however, question remains as to whether the New Deal has been really successful or whether its success was overrated by the Historians. This paper will therefore attempt to discuss and argue as to whether the New Deal was really a success or it was overrated by the Historians. From economics point of view there are many reasons as to why the great depression happened however, the overall impact of the great depression has on the economy of US and its society have been great. During this era gross domestic product of the country greatly declined and there was a sharp increase in the unemployment level. High unemployment levels therefore created the general unrest within the American society and people were looking for change which can actually bring overall relief to the general masses of the society. (Weatherford & Sergeyev, 2000). What is also significant to note that before the great depression there was also a general political complacency in the country. Conservatives were ruling the country and they maintained a very strong stance of having minimum government intervention into the markets. Minimum interventions by the government therefore resulted into the over-hyped activity in the markets

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Letter of Intent - Pharmacy Residency Program - Essay Example During my rotations at CSMC, I was encouraged to develop a critical mind as a clinical practitioner through a host of rotation opportunities and exposure to various teaching experiences, general hospital practice, and other challenging environments that challenged my skills as a clinical pharmacist. As a pharmacy resident, I was given the rare opportunity to work hand in hand with physicians and pharmacists in the development of clinical therapies directed at minimizing adverse drug effects on patients. This included my actual participation in more than 60 interventions that fueled my passion for pharmaceutical care for patients. This I believe, was a rare opportunity offered to me by CSMC as a resident that will benefit any healthcare provider that I work with during my PGY1 residency because of the fact that my accurate, split-second decision making skills have already been effectively honed during my pharmacy residency. Completing my PGY1 residency at CSMC will open doors for me in the future. As a clinical pharmacist, I hope to work in the area of infectious disease with a concentration on critical patient care and transplant pharmacy. If need be, I am willing to undergo an additional year of specialized training in order to become a world class clinical pharmacist. I firmly believe that I have the intellect, skills and passion necessary to succeed in your residency program. My time management skills, work ethics, and dedication to pharmaceutical care will help to further establish CSMC as one of the leading teaching hospitals in terms of exceptional clinicians and leaders in our respective

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Factory Work Essay In Deborah Boe’s â€Å"Factory Work† (n.d.) the author paints a picture of the monotonous and sometimes dangerous work that goes on in the life of a low income factory worker. The character remarks how the hot glue machine she works â€Å"ate† her shirt once, and how one of her co-workers used to have long hair until the machine â€Å"got† it. The character has been doing the same repetitive job over and over. Now she no longer needs to think about what she is doing and her mind wanders as she is working. While the character thinks that it isn’t bad in the factory, there is an overall sense of boredom and sadness with the life she leads. People from a low socioeconomic class such as the main character are often forced into dull monotonous jobs where they make enough money to survive but not to advance out of the system. As a result of her class, the character is willing to put up with the dangers, the lack of stimulation, and the threat of being laid off because she is still bringing in a paycheck (Boe, n.d.). This poem reminds me of two monotonous jobs that I had right out of high school. Since I was just a teenager with no work experience and no marketable skills, I had very limited options in the jobs that I could get. The first job that I had was working part time as a tour guide at a pumpkin patch. I would sit on the hay wagon and collect the tickets of the passengers, and once we had enough people loaded the tractor would start up and take us around the farm. This is where the monotony would kick in. I had the speech so memorized that I could recite it perfectly several years after. I didn’t have to think about the words that were coming out of my mouth, I would just need to stand there and let the speech roll out. I think the cadence occupied more of my thoughts than the actual words. Even though the job was monotonous I still really enjoyed being outside and seeing people’s reactions to the farm. The second job I had that was monotonous was working fast food in the mall food court. This was my first real job working 8 hours a day 5 days a week. The quality of workforce they had can be gauged by the fact that the owner offered me a management position after my second day there. I spent hours and hours standing behind a hot grill, dropping meat and vegetables on as the order was called over the loud speaker. While this job required as much thought as the pumpkin patch did, here I felt like I was trapped inside my mind as I worked. At the pumpkin patch I could enjoy the sunshine, but in the mall you have very little understanding of what is going on outside. The sun could be shining, it could be raining, and it might be daytime or night time. In the mall you learn not to say good morning or afternoon because you’re never really that sure of the time. Your internal clock loses all perspective in the fake lighting. I would take working outside in real light any time. I can associate with the character in â€Å"Factory Work† (Boe, n.d.) because my socioeconomic class trapped me in a monotonous job.